SECONDARY (CLASSES IX AND X)
GEOGRAPHY (GRAD) CODE-85
A.Geo-Tectonics:
Earth’s Crust (Composition and Layering); Rocks (Origin, Types and Characteristics); Folds and Faults (Types and Landforms); Mountain Building and Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes (Causes and Effects) and Volcanoes.
B. Geomorphology:
Weathering; Mass Wasting; Landform and Process (Fluvial, Glacial, Wind, Karst and Marine); Normal Cycle of Erosion; Rejuvenation.
C. Oceanography:
Continental Shelf and Slope; Ocean Current; Topography of Ocean Floor; Ocean Deposits; Resources of the Oceans; Salinity and Temperature of ocean water.
D. Climatology:
Composition of the Atmosphere; Elements and Factors of Climate; Insolation; Heat Belts; Pressure Belts; Planetary Wind System; Cyclones; Monsoon.
E. Biogeography:
Soils (Factors and Processes of Formation, Soil Profile, Physical and Chemical Properties) World Soil Groups (Zonal, Azonal and Intra-Zonal); soil Erosion and Conservation; Plants (Factors of Plant Growth, Major types of Natural Vegetation; Forest conservation.
F. Environmental Geography:
Ecosystem (Principles and Components, Energy Flow, Food Chain, Food Web and Bio-geochemical Cycles); Environmental Degradation and Conservation; Meaning of Natural Environment; Man-Environment Relationship; Natural Regions and Environmental Adaptation of Human Life, Economy and Society.
G. Economic Resources:
Classification and Significance; Activity Components of Resource Utilization (Lumbering, Dairy Farming, Fishing, Mining, power generation, Agriculture and Industry).
H. Human Resource:
Population (Growth, Distribution, Age-Sex Composition, Migration Occupational composition nations). Comparison between developed and developing
I. Regional Geography of India:
Relief, Drainage: Climate; Soil; Forest resources, Power resources, Mineral Resources; Irrigation, Agriculture, Industry, Population; Trade and Transport, Basis of Regional divisions of India (Physical and Economic).
J.Statistical and Cartographic Techniques:
Scale; Cartographic Techniques of Representation; Topographical Map; Map Projection; Statistical Techniques.
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